Qi definition. Define: Determine the key metrics for measuring success.

Married couple monthly income limit $1,923. These days, both healthcare institutions and the government are focusing on QI in healthcare. Structure includes things like technology, culture, leadership, and physical Sep 22, 2016 · Qi or chi — pronounced "chee" — is the energy flow created along the pathways that connect the acupuncture points on the body. com Feb 27, 2023 · QI can be defined as ‘better patient experience and outcomes achieved through changing provider behavior and organization through using systematic change methods and strategies’. Zong Qi is transformed into Zhen Qi with the help of Yuan Qi. It includes everything in the universe from the most material to the immaterial. Quality improvement seeks to standardize processes and structure to reduce variation, achieve predictable results, and improve outcomes for patients, healthcare systems, and organizations. Print. . Zhen qi. Department of Health and Human Services defines quality improvement as “…systematic and continuous actions that lead to measurable improvement in health care services and the health status of targeted patient groups. Many frameworks for improvement methodologies exist; common ones include the model for Although there's no precise Western definition of qi, the qi circulating within all living things is often likened to bioelectricity. Nonetheless, these same tools can and have been used to deliver better care at lower cost at the bedside. Listen to the audio pronunciation in the Cambridge English Dictionary. Qi v2. Measure: Determine past levels of performance to act as a baseline for improvement. A Chinese proverb states, "To know the road ahead, ask those coming back". Quality Improvement. However, if your phone doesn’t enable it by default, you can check and Jan 1, 2023 · Quality improvement (QI) is a term without one simple definition. In Emergency Medical Services, this product is essentially the delivery of high-quality prehospital care. Zhen qi is divided in to ying qi and wei qi. It’s thought that a sufficient amount of qi is required to maintain the Mar 31, 2020 · The BMJ’s Quality Improvement series uses the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges definition. Qi energy is fundamental to many of the practices and philosophies behind traditional Chinese medicine. These manifestations range from the material (e. Improve: Develop solutions, test solutions, and redesign processes. The ‘quality improvement spiral’ illustrates the basic principle Abstract. When most Western philosophies Oct 1, 2019 · Qi (pronounced chee) is, quite simply, energy. Proc. in Chinese traditional medicine, the life…. The short word packs a big punch: "Qi" is a person's essential life force, the living energy that flows through a person's body. You may be surprised at the slang found on the tournament SCRABBLE board: BRO, HOMEY, and YO are all accepted words. When we are exposed to bad air, germs, and viruses, our first line of defense, according to Chinese medicine is our Wei Qi barrier. Ying qi. com ». Different regulatory agencies use other models of CQI and have different definitions for what it Quality improvement (QI) is a disciplined effort to make healthcare delivery safer, more effective, patient-centered, timely, equitable, and efficient (less wasteful). Quality improvement. Known by different names in different traditions— Qi in Chinese philosophy, Prana in ancient Indian scriptures, and Ki in Japanese practices—this Quality improvement (QI) is a systematic, formal approach to the analysis of practice performance and efforts to improve performance. 1. Learn about the different kinds of qi, how to balance and cultivate it, and how to perceive it with qigong and Feng Shui. Qi literally translates as “breath”, “air”, or “gas”, and figuratively as “material energy”, “life force”, or “energy flow”. Therefore, within its broadest possible definition, we can consider a rock as Qi and we can consider an individual thought to be Qi. (Arts martiaux) (Spiritualité) Énergie vitale. Improved safety. However, these definitions have little meaning without an understanding of Eastern philosophy and The definition of quality by the Council of Europe included in Table 1. , pre/post) designs than those seen in traditional research (Eccles, Grimshaw, Campbell, & Ramsay, 2003). ZA is the most played word containing the letter Z (and the only playable two-letter word with the letter Z) in tournament SCRABBLE play. Zhen Qi (True Qi) Also called "Normal" Qi. 102(d), which is “…a systematic investigation, including research development, testing and evaluation, designed to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge…” • Quality Improvement (QI) is a process to improve healthcare services, systems, and processes at the local level (i. It is the Qi that circulates in the channels and nourishes the organs. This differs from quality assurance, which is more consistent with protocol, process, or policy compliance. 6 Rather than viewing QI as a single method or set of tools, it can be more helpful to think of QI as based on a set of principles common to many of these definitions: a systematic continuous approach that aims to solve problems in healthcare, improve The model is compatible with any change models that organizations may already be using and can help to accelerate improvement. ” In reality, there are thousands of ways to practice Qigong. A human body and mind are at their core Qi in its various manifestations interacting with each others. Improved employee morale. Qigong (pronounced "chee-gung") is an accessible practice that anyone can learn and benefit from even with casual practice. Married couple resource limit $11,600. he a. This ethnocentric perspective is a result of romanticized views of the “mystical healing arts. Mar 1, 2023 · What is the Qualifying Individual program? The QI program covers the Medicare Part B premium for people with limited income and assets. A transmitter (in this case, a charging pad plugged into a power outlet) creates an oscillating magnetic field with a Sep 6, 2023 · Quality improvement is the framework used to systematically improve care. The term is widely used in the healthcare industry to describe the system of actions a healthcare organization can use to improve their healthcare services and the overall health of their patient groups. See examples of QI used in a sentence. Analyze: Identify the causes of the current quality problems and opportunities for improvement. Jun 13, 2020 · Quality improvement is more traditionally associated with manufacturing and business due to its historical roots. [syn: {qi}, {chi}, {ch'i}, {ki}] Qi meaning: 1. Identify the types of quality measures and data sources used in health care; 3. ” Qigong ( Pinyin ), ch'i kung ( Wade-Giles ), and chi gung ( Yale) are romanizations of two Chinese words " qì " and " gōng " ( 功 ). qi - the circulating life energy that in Chinese philosophy is thought to be inherent in all things; in traditional Chinese medicine the balance of negative and positive forms in the body is believed to be essential for good health. May 15, 2024 · Quality improvement or QI is a set of continuous actions that allow organizations to improve the quality of their services and products. The traditional Chinese character used to denote Qi (氣) literally breaks down into a combination of “air” (气) and “rice” (米). QI efforts can use Transformation of healthcare—quality improvement. We propose defin-ing it as the combined and unceasing efforts of everyone—healthcare profes-sionals, patients and their families, researchers, payers, planners and educa-tors—to make the changes that will lead to better patient outcomes (health), bet-ter syst. Qi (氣) means energy and Gong (功) means work or skill – so Qigong (氣功) means to work with and develop skill with energy. thought to be inherent in all things; in traditional. A brief history of how the field began is provided, as well as some discussion of how it has evolved to apply to health care. Learn more. unit, department, organization) with the intent to improve outcomes. Apr 21, 2015 · The basic definition is that it provides an “immune system-like” barrier that protects the body from harmful pathogenic factors that can cause illness and disease. It is believed to play a crucial role in maintaining overall health and well-being. Systematic and structured approaches are used to evaluate performance to improve standards and outcomes. The 2023 QI Agreement contains significant changes from the 2017 QI Agreement, and the new rules will apply to QI agreements in effect on or after January 1, 2023. Describe factors contributing to sustainability of improvement efforts. The food you eat, the air you breathe, the water you drink, and the earth you walk on. (3). Higher equipment availability. Quality improvement tools can play a key role in improving health care, including improvements in time-savings, timeliness No, such quality improvement activities do not satisfy the definition of “research” under 45 CFR 46. QI is sometimes described as ‘the combined and unceasing efforts of everyone—healthcare professionals, patients and their families, researchers, payers, planners and educators—to Definition of qi noun in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. The field is then presented in terms of its applications Sep 29, 2022 · Evidence-based quality improvement (EBQI) is one of a growing number of strategies used to enhance quality improvement (QI) initiative impacts in clinical practice. The ABR honors each diplomate’s privilege to choose PQI activities or projects that are pertinent to his or her own practice and that IHI’s Quality Improvement Essentials Toolkit includes the tools and templates you need to launch a successful quality improvement project and manage performance improvement. In an effort to create a high-value health care system in the In order to qualify for QI benefits you must meet the following income requirements, which can also be found on the Medicare Savings Programs page: Individual monthly income limit $1,426. It is constantly in motion, bringing about changes and maintaining the delicate balance in the world. Some people think that Qi is an electric energy, while others believe it is magnetic energy, or heat energy. Meaning of QI. High quality healthcare cannot be delivered by systems and institutions content to rest upon their laurels – this indicates the importance of the science of quality improvement. Zhen Qi has two different forms: Ying Qi. Qi, often referred to as vital energy or life force energy, is a concept in Traditional Chinese Medicine that represents the flow and balance of energy within the body. Qi is the energy that althcare today are inter-ested in defining ‘‘quality improvement’’. The Model for Improvement has two parts: Three fundamental questions, which can be addressed in any order. The concept of qi originates in China. QI is well established within many industries, and as such, its benefits are well Measurement of defects is integral to QI. On December 13, 2022, Treasury and the IRS issued Rev. See the full definition of qi at merriam-webster. Wikipedia defines Qi as: “In traditional Chinese culture, qì or ch’i is believed to be a vital force forming part of any living thing. Qi primarily means air, gas or breath but is often translated as a metaphysical concept of 'vital energy', [4] referring to a supposed energy circulating through the body; though a more general definition is Noun. Many hospitals have quality improvement teams or Qi definition: (in traditional Chinese medicine and philosophy) the vital life force that flows through the body and is supposedly regulated by acupuncture. net dictionary. Qi is an integral part of Chinese culture and philosophy, deeply rooted in ancient beliefs. Zang is referred to the Yin organs; Heart, Spleen, Lung, Kidney, Liver, and Fu is referred to the Yang organs (which are partnered with the Yin organs, respectively); Small Intestine, Stomach, Large Intestine, Bladder, Gall Bladder (which is also a Curious organ, more on that later). How to say Qi. Create Accurate Reports from Electronic Health Jun 16, 2021 · Ultimately, quality improvement is a continuous process that looks to change the various components of processes and systems. Although QI will pay your Part B premium if you qualify, it won Jan 19, 2021 · The human subjects regulations offer no formal definition of Quality Improvement or Quality Assurance. Quality is most often defined in terms of the six domains of safety, clinical effectiveness, patient centredness, timeliness, efficiency, and equity. Learn how qi is balanced, imbalanced, and regulated in the human body according to TCM theory and practice. Process improvement may be "gradual" or "breakthrough" in nature. Information and translations of QI in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Differentiate four quality improvement methods frequently used in health care; 4. Jun 25, 2019 · Qi is the Chinese word for life-force, the vibratory nature of reality that flows through all phenomena. This is a yin qi that is found in the nutritive basis of the Jan 11, 2024 · Quality improvement is integral to many sectors, including business, manufacturing, and healthcare. S. Nov 22, 2023 · Qi, like the words happiness or love, defy a simple definition because they are a result of our experiences. Played on its own (and not accounting for bonus squares or other words you form), the word "qi" is worth 11 points in Scrabble. the vital force that in Chinese thought is inherent in all things. 2022-43 finalizing the 2023 qualified intermediary (QI) withholding agreement. Oct 20, 2023 · October 20, 2023. 2-Letter Words ( 1 found ) qi. QI n. Using acupuncture needles, pressure or heat to manipulate a point or two separate points on the body can Nov 9, 2017 · Quality improvement is a systematic approach to improving health services and the quality of care and outcomes for patients based on iterative change, continuous testing and measurement, and empowerment of frontline teams. Qi Definition: Quality improvement (QI) is essential to achieving the triple aim of improving the health of the population, enhancing patient experiences and outcomes, and reducing the per capita cost of care, and to improving provider experience. e. Abréviation de quotient intellectuel. The ABR defines “quality improvement” as a systematic approach to the study of healthcare and/or a commitment to continuously improve performance and outcomes in healthcare. Qi (pronounced "chee") is the very essence of life and the universe. Translated as “true qi“. Regardless, effective quality improvement plans share several traits—they are: Dec 18, 2023 · Quality Improvement Definition. 17 This definition captures the core features of QI which are the combination of a ‘change’ (improvement), a ‘method’ (a systematic approach aided by Nov 13, 2023 · Quality improvement (QI) is a process of approaching systemic problems in healthcare. The Institute of Medicine defines quality in healthcare as “the degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are Dec 14, 2022 · Qi (pronounced ''chee''), is the vital life force that flows throughout the universe. Énergie vitale, dans les pensées chinoise et japonaise. pl. At UCSF, these activities primarily include changes to clinical systems or processes, the development and implementation of guidelines, or the intersection of these activities with training and education. Initially launched in 2010, there are over 9000 Qi Certified products in the market today, setting a new global benchmark for safety, efficiency and interoperability. Figuratively, Qi is the life force that permeates and animates everything in the world. It is the state of the organic qi when the zong qi and the yuan qi are combined. A variety of approaches—or QI models—exist to help you Transformation of healthcare—quality improvement Many in healthcare today are interested in defining “quality improvement”. Wei Qi. Inborn qi (Jing 精) is differentiated from acquired qi that a person may develop or replenished over their lifetime. Some companies choose to improve one process at a time, while others focus on making several changes at once. Define quality improvement; 2. CQI project development commonly includes defining the problem May 25, 2024 · Qi energy or Ki / Chi is the anglicized way of writing the Chinese word for “air” or “life force” (from this point on to be written as qi), which is the vital energy that flows through and animates all living things. Improving quality is about making health care safe, effective, patient-centred, timely, efficient and equitable. Yuanqi. A QI is permitted to treat the account holder that is the beneficiary of the trust arrangement as a direct account holder of the QI for purposes of sections 5, 6, and 8 of the QI Agreement where all of the following apply: Aug 8, 2007 · Qi is the vital life force in traditional Chinese medicine, with qualities of both matter and energy. In traditional Chinese philosophy, Qi is the unseen energy that flows through all things, both the macro and Feb 14, 2020 · This is called Organ Qi (zang-fu zhi). Experts often use quality improvement and continuous quality improvement interchangeably. Describe interventions to address common health care quality issues; 5. Although its definition is useful in Chinese medicine, zong qi can only exist through the action of the yuan qi. Jun 18, 2020 · What is Qi? Central to the ancient Chinese world-view is the concept of Qi (pronounced chee). Wireless charging of smartphones and other portable consumer devices has been transformed by Qi. " This article first details fundamental concepts still central today in quality improvement, such as the importance of considering structures 1 definition found. ZA (often styled in print as 'za) is a slang shortening of the word pizza. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more. More generally in Chinese philosophy Qi is at the basis of all phenomena in the universe. We propose defining it as the combined and unceasing efforts of everyone—healthcare professionals, patients and their families, researchers, payers, planners and educators—to make the changes that will lead to better patient outcomes (health), better system Jul 2, 2021 · Wireless charging allows you to charge a device, like your smartphone, without use of a charging cable. The healthcare system comprises many people with different scopes of training and expertise functioning in social hierarchies [3] that use many pieces of technology, such as the electronic medical record. “The 'shame and blame' game that once blamed a person has now shifted the attention to working conditions and complex processes as the foci,” Sowell said. Please Note: These limits change from Nov 22, 2023 · Continuous Quality Improvement Definition for Nursing. The evolution and integration of QI into the study of surgical quality and outcomes is described. Chinese medicine the balance of negative and positive forms. How to pronounce Qi. The concept, known as inductive charging, allows electricity to be transmitted through the air by means of a magnetic field. Each of the ten quality improvement (QI) tools can be used with the Model for Improvement, Lean, or Six Sigma, and includes a short description, instructions, an example See full list on healthline. in the body is believed to be essential for good health. Increased production agility and flexibility. Aug 30, 2023 · Secondly, an expert panel, comprised of 17 international experts from 14 countries, participated in two surveys and a discussion using a modified Delphi technique to develop the definition of QIs for PhC. Mar 13, 2023 · Wireless charging Qi as the most popular wireless charging is enabled by default on most smartphones. Qi is the central underlying principle Apr 25, 2019 · 1. The pathways between the points are called meridians, which also connect to internal organs in the body. Define: Determine the key metrics for measuring success. Quality is not a static concept; there is a need for continued improvement. From WordNet (r) 3. Educating clinicians in effective quality improvement techniques is critical to the future of healthcare. Mar 9, 2023 · The common definition of Qigong as “slow, gentle, meditative movements” is reductive and only highlights a subset, or style of practice. Qi as a Universal ConceptQi as a broad concept is the sub-strata of the entire universe. Enhanced enterprise image to customers, suppliers, employees, and management. • Research is a systematic investigation (quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-methods) designed to develop uncover, create, or contribute to new Nov 13, 2023 · Excerpt. Five S (5S) Example: Workplace scan diagnostic checklist. Further more traditionally it is said that the Kidneys are the root of qi, Left being Yuan yin and the right Quality improvement involves the use of a systematic and coordinated approach to solving a problem using specific methods and tools with the aim of bringing about a measurable improvement within a health care setting. The most simple way to describe qigong is to look at the literal meaning of the parts of the word. pilfer . Individual resource limit $7,730. The goal of CQI may include improvement of operations, outcomes, systems processes, improved work environment, or regulatory compliance. These designs are Definition of QI in the Definitions. Jan 27, 2018 · Quality improvement (QI) methodology differs from that of clinical audit or empirical research. The HRPP considers QI/QA to involve: Data collection and analysis for an institution’s own internal operation monitoring and program improvement purposes, that is, only if: Apr 3, 2023 · Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) is a progressive incremental improvement of processes, safety, and patient care. •. 1 Playable Words can be made from "QI". org (WikWik est une base de données en ligne des mots définis sur les Wiktionnaires français, anglais, espagnol, italien, etc. Qi Encyclopedia is a collection of short informative essays from experts who have travelled the road and share their thoughts. Feb 13, 2024 · Today, quality improvement (QI) makes safety and quality a system priority, said Sowell. Engaging primary care practices in quality improvement (QI) activities is essential to achieving the triple aim of improving the health of the population, enhancing patient experiences and outcomes, and reducing the per capita cost of care, and to improving provider experience. Of these, 63 QI definitions (35%) cited one of five references as the source. 0 (2006) [wn]: qi. Pluriel : QIS; 3 courts extraits du WikWik. “In the recent past, QI followed only the detection of undesirable occurrences. In Chinese Medicine, Qi is the basis of all. 0, the latest generation of the Qi standard, will take wireless charging to Jan 28, 2020 · A Simple Definition of Qigong. Focusing on change processes, a quality improvement intervention can be defined as “a change process in health care systems, services, or suppliers for the purpose of increasing the likelihood of optimal clinical quality of care measured by p. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality defines quality improvement as “…the framework we use to Aug 5, 2017 · Qi: A Definition. May 15, 2024 · The concept of Qi is the foundation of Taoist practice and Eastern medical philosophy. ” 15. Click for more definitions. The literal Chinese translation of the word is "air" or "breath," which makes a lot of sense in this Feb 4, 2018 · QI is a broad term that describes the systematic use of a range of tools and techniques to improve patient care and associated healthcare processes continuously. The Chinese believe that everything has energy; animate and inanimate things. However, there is no single accepted definition of Qi. in Chinese traditional medicine, the life force 2. Zhen Qi is the final stage in the transformation and refinement of Qi. A total of 182 QI definitions were identified from 174 articles. 1, published seven years after the IOM’s definition as part of the Council’s recommendations on quality improvement systems for EU Member States, is the first to explicitly include considerations about the aspect of patient safety. Since time immemorial in human culture, the idea of a life force energy—driving the very essence of existence—has been a constant, threading its way across civilizations. We propose defining it as the combined and unceasing efforts of everyone—healthcare professionals, patients and their families, researchers, payers, planners and educators—to make the changes that will lead to ion can be defined across various levels of the health system. ) qi n. A power or charging icon will be shown when the charging begins. Lower defect rates. It flows through the body along meridians and performs various functions, such as transformation, movement, protection, retention, and warming. QI: Quotient Intellectuel (French) QI: Quite Interesting (Uk TV game show) QI: Quociente de Inteligência (Portuguese) QI: Quality Indicators: Qi: Québec Inc. chi, ch'i, ki. These six domains were established by the National Academy of Medicine in 1999 as the tenets of healthcare quality and as a framework for appraisal of QI efforts. 2 senses: → a variant of chi2 (in Chinese medicine, martial arts, etc) vital energy believed to circulate round the body in. Developed to address programmatic and research-identified needs for articulating the value of public health QI in aggregate, this framework proposes a standardized set of measures to monitor and improve the efficiency Sep 25, 2014 · The definition of quality improvement (QI) is, “Using data to monitor the outcomes of care processes and using improvement methods to design and test changes to continuously improve the quality and safety of health care systems” (QSEN, 2003). EBQI aims to integrate scientific evidence and methods into the QI process while maintaining focus on team-based innovation and problem-solving within real-world settings. noun. In traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese culture, yuán qì (元氣) or vital qi, innate or prenatal qi. Jul 17, 2023 · Quality Improvement (QI) is the intentional process of making system-level changes in clinical processes with a continuous reassessment to improve the delivery of a product. A Delightfully Ruthless New Word Game. The U. The Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle** to test and adapt changes to ensure they result in the desired improvement. The Historical Significance of Qi Oct 26, 2022 · Qi: Scrabble Word and Definition “Qi” is a viable Scrabble word and it is the only two-letter word you can play with Q in Scrabble or Words With Friends. Aug 28, 2017 · Qi (chi) is the vital life force that makes up and binds everything in the universe. Connect the wireless charger to a power outlet and place the phone in the center of the charging pad. Jan 17, 2019 · Engaging in quality improvement enables clinicians to acquire, assimilate, and apply important professional capabilities7 such as managing complexity and training in human factors. The Feb 26, 2019 · By definition, QI practices seek to bring about immediate changes in the local setting; therefore, much of the literature describing QI practices comes from single-site studies using less robust methodological (i. g. Searching the internet for the definition of “qi” can produce a number of meanings including an ethereal substance, breath, vital substance, energy, etc. m. "Quality Improvement (QI) is, "the combined and unceasing efforts of everyoneto make the changes that will lead to better patient outcomes (health), better system performance (care) and better professional development (learning) 1 ". Qi refers to the vital energy that constantly circulates throughout your body. We describe an evidence-based framework to define and assess the impact of quality improvement (QI) in public health. Bodily Fluids) to the the totally immaterial, such as the Mind (Shen). Quality Jan 8, 2020 · Measurement is a core foundation of quality improvement (QI), and analysis of data for QI requires distinct approaches and tools as compared with other areas of healthcare. Many in healthcare today are interested in defining “quality improvement”. A premium is a set monthly amount you pay for Medicare and other types of insurance, even if you never use your coverage during the policy period. qis. Oct 2, 2018 · Qi, along with the theory of yin and yang (the harmony of seemingly opposite forces), are the two core components of TCM. Reduced costs. A systematic measurement of quality demonstrates whether improvement efforts (1) lead to change in the primary end point in the desired direction, (2) contribute to unintended results in different parts of the system, and (3) require additional efforts to bring a process back into acceptable ranges. May 6, 2016 · 29 30. Better asset utilization. Jul 20, 2021 · Définition : qu'est-ce que le quotient intellectuel (QI) ? "Le QI est le score qu'on obtient à un test psychométrique qui a pour objectif de donner une indication chiffrée de l'intelligence de la personne vis-à-vis de son groupe d'âge", explique Uliana Borzova, psychologue cognitiviste et neuropsychologue. These terms emphasize the evaluation and enhancement of practices to ensure excellence in patient care. Challenges and Opportunities in Home Health Quality Improvement. 1 For clinical trainees, it is a chance to improve care9; develop leadership, presentation, and time management skills to help their career development10; and build relationships with colleagues in organisations that Simply put, "Qi" is a word that derives from traditional Chinese culture (specifically medicine and philosophy). (gaming clan) QI: Qualified Immunity (judicial doctrine) QI: Quality Information: QI: Qualified Individual: QI: Query Property (police incident code; New Zealand) QI: Quality Index Mar 24, 2019 · What is Quality Improvement? While different organizations have had different ways of describing QI over the years, the website of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) offers a general definition that fits most efforts today: QI is “the framework we use to systematically improve the ways care is delivered to patients. However, in practice, Qi is generally thought of as the invisible factors that bind matter Sep 27, 2023 · QI/QA Activities: QI/QA activities are designed to continuously evaluate and improve performance in a clinical area or department. The concept of Qi energy has been an integral component of Eastern philosophy and medicine for thousands of years. n 1: the circulating life energy that in Chinese philosophy is. Avedis Donabedian, noted by many as the father of quality improvement, helped form the foundation of the field in 1966 with the publication of the article "Evaluating the Quality of Medical Care. cp bq sl cg ge fp cf ph fh ak