Herbal medicines and their uses with pictures pdf. The herbal medicine picture in the Caribbean.

t. All 51. Introduction. This helps to create a microclimate that keeps the herbs fresh and hydrated. Fabio Firenzuoli and Luigi Gori. Botanical name: Justicia adhatoda (Adhatoda vasica) Family: Acanthaceae; Morphology of the useful plants: Leaves and roots; Uses: The plant is the source of the drug Vasaka, particularly in the treatment of Bronchitis. #23. But with insufficient clinical data, it’s not yet known whether Nov 30, 2002 · 001, India Fax: 0091-522-2228-227 Email: Y ogeshwer_Shukla@hotmail. Here, you will find the most commonly used Western herbs as well as some less commonly known, but vitally important medicinal herbs. This has proved to be an enduring book, going through 100 editions. 4%) treating four ailments, 3 species (3. by residents of both the New and Old worlds as a. Click the 3 dots on the left of the player to download the mp3 file or change the speed of the playback. [1] Apr 25, 2022 · Photo by Kristine Lofgren. There are also culinary herbs and medicinal herbs. May 1, 2017 · The Native Americans used this plant mainly for treating bladder and urinary tract infections. ( Source) Lavender – Good for calming ( Source ), helping with insomnia and anxiety ( Source ), and killing off many bugs. They have many ways of doing so, mostly through herbs and berries kept in the medicine cat's herb store inside their den. The medicinal plants have been used for treatment Of illnesses and diseases, since the dawn of time. Jan 1, 2021 · Medicinal plants are very vital in their uses for medication, besides providing ecological, economic, and cultural services. Cumali Keskin 1,*. allspice, angelica, anise, asafoetida, basil, bay leaf, bergamot, black cumin, black mustard. That is why we offer you this collection of books on medicinal plants Oct 16, 2021 · In this background, home preparations, like the use of medicinal plants supported by the relevant establishments can serve as an alternative option to combat COVID-19 in Ethiopia. Devil’s Claw. 5 to 3 tsp cinnamon bark in 1 cup water for 5 min. Bawang ( Allium sativum) - popularly known as "garlic", it mainly reduces cholesterol in the blood and hence, helps control blood pressure. The use of HM cuts across gender, social and racial classes in both The document lists 10 herbal medicines approved by the Department of Health in the Philippines and their uses. ) This herb is one of the most widely used herbal medicines in the Philippines and can also be found commonly in the kitchen of Filipino households as it is used to spice up food preparations. Botanical Name: Ocimum basilicum. Through the course Apr 28, 2024 · Plus, this herb stimulates appetite reducing anorexic symptoms. Chewing its leaves daily keeps blood sugar levels in check. Chapter 10. Herbal medicine is the use of medicinal plants for prevention and treatment of diseases: it ranges from traditional and popular medicines of every country to the use of standardized and tritated herbal extracts. The traditional healer provides health care services based on culture, religious background, knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs that are prevalent in his community. Accordingly, 80 medicinal plant species were reviewed; leaves and roots are the main parts of the plants used for preparation of traditional medicines. For colitis, take 25 to 30 ml (about 2 tablespoons) twice daily; for diabetes, 10 to 20 ml (about 1 tablespoon) daily. Dr Ghazala Shaheen. As a Tea: Take 1 teaspoons dried leaves and pour over 1 cup of boiling water. Sep 28, 2007 · Infusion: 1. It is also used for infected wounds, respiratory infections, and stomach pains. May 14, 2021 · According to Kerry Hughes, a staff ethnobotanist at Elements Drinks, the effect of a single herb can change based on the amount used. Rose petals can be used to make tea, which is known to help with digestion and reducing anxiety. It’s also a great respiratory herb. Traditional medicine in Africa is a general system of healthcare partly systematized into herbalism and use of medicinal plants and their products. Aug 22, 2023 · 100 medicinal plants and their uses with pictures pdf download. An antique selection of herbal medicines. This is the list read by a female voice in mp3 format. Ginger: A spicy root for digestion and inflammation. The majority of the plant species used (61. Strain off the cedar and sweeten with maple syrup, to taste. Plants from all over the world - from common cultivars to rare species - are included in these 700 pages. Herb plants produce and contain a variety of chemical substances that act upon the body. The fruits, seeds, leaves are used as stimulant, and as remedy against cold. The practice goes beyond a mindset of just simply treating a list of symptoms. Infusion: 0. Our list allows quick access to each spice or herb's SPICEography profile, plus its overall flavor profile and its origin. Some medicinal products such as garlic, ginger, turmeric, chili, lemon, hot water with salt would be used for viral suppression. Jan 30, 2019 · TOP 1%. Copy or download a list of herbs and spices in popular formats. Jan 16, 2019 · The main purpose of this review is to document medicinal plants used for traditional treatments with their parts, use, ecology, and quality control. Valeriana jatamansi is a reputed perennial medicinal herb distributed throughout the world, where it is used in cytotoxicity, neuronal problems, insomnia, leishmania and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, antioxidant, antiviral and α-glucosidase inhibition activities. Dec 31, 2012 · An analysis of the medicinal species used by the Bapedi traditional healers to treat reproductive ailments, revealed that 28 species (77. Arnica: Applied topically to alleviate muscle pain, bruises, and inflammation. Every human community responds to the challenge of maintaining health Nov 5, 2018 · 1. In Europe and North America, the use of herbal medicine is increasing fast, especially for correcting imbalances caused by modern diets and lifestyles. willow bark, and was discovered independently. Panax ginseng is a popular herbal remedy that has been used for thousands of years. 4. Other herbal Ata ire, Urhobo- Erhie, Huasa - chitta, gyan’dammar yaji. Jul 13, 2020 · Boil chopped leaves for 15 minutes at low fire. All this, however, Oct 1, 2007 · Herbal Medicine Today: Clinical and Research Issues. Catnip – Great for calming ( Source) and I use it for tummy aches (I make a glycerite to give my kids). Each herb also comes with a few extra resources to help you learn further about each plant. Steep for 15 minutes and then drink up to 3 cups a day. In the era of the processed and artificial, the natural often represents a step of well-being for many people. The reported sales of medicinal plants or herbal Nov 5, 2010 · Herbal medicines are in widespread use and although many believe herbal medicines are safe, they are often used in combination and are drawn from plant sources with their own variability in species, growing conditions, and biologically active constituents. oups, hibiscus tea and placebo group. The local practitioners provided various traditional medications to their patients’ diseases Jan 1, 2012 · Traditional medicines are used in Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homeopathic practice for healthiness and to diagnose, treat, and prevent physical or mentalrelated health problems (Salmerón-Manzano Aug 29, 2022 · An illustrated guide to Medicinal Plants of East Africa is the first illustrated guide. This handbook catalogs 365 species of herbs having medicinal or folk medicinal uses, presenting whatever useful information has been documented on their toxicity and utility in humans and animals. May 15, 2008 · 30 Medicinal Herbs and Common Uses. Unfortunately, there remains a paucity of information relating biological activities of essential oils with the ethnobotanical uses of the plants. They are sold as tablets, capsules, powders, teas, extracts, and fresh or dried plants. 5%) treating three ailments, 5 species (5. Other sources say that cedar tea is toxic, and should never be consumed. This chapter introduces some important Herbal Medicine sometimes referred to as Herbalism or Botanical Medicine, is the use of herbs for their therapeutic or medical value. Additional information is available at the Sep 1, 2016 · The study showed that 325 species and 95 families of medicinal plants were recognized as being used by most of the people in Nigeria for the treatment of various common diseases. John's wort. Detailed information on herbal medicine and warnings for use of herbal supplements, including Black cohosh, Echinacea, Evening primrose, Feverfew, Garlic, Gingko biloba, Ginseng, Goldenseal, Green tea, Hawthorn, Saw palmetto, and St. Oct 24, 2022 · Plants have a long and rich history of medicinal use and, even in the era of modern medicine, their medicinal properties are still sought after. Basil leaves have umpteen health benefits in Ayurveda; hence every Indian home has at least one basil plant. Nasturtium ( Tropaeolum majus) is another red medicinal flower. 3,900. Herbal medicine is the use of medicinal plants A medicine cat's main job is to heal their fellow Clanmates of their wounds and sicknesses. Yuri Clement. In this holistic guide, naturopath J. 30. Pursell provides an accessible and comprehensive introduction to medicinal plants, explaining how they work and how to use them safely. A total of over 400 scientific publications were reviewed to provide information regarding the traditional usage of medicinal plants and their potential into anticancer drug discovery. Aug 3, 2009 · Aspirin is a safer synthetic. Look at any list of medicinal herbs and you’re likely to see some familiar plants. As the years have gone by and interest in herbs and their uses has increased, the need for a “portable” version of Indian Herbalogy has been felt. This review describes the current state of chemical characterization Nov 15, 2023 · Rose ( Rosa species) is one of the most popular red flowers with medicinal properties. Just simmer 2 cups of fresh cedar in 4 cups of boiling water for about 10 minutes until the water becomes a golden color. Below are a few examples of common herbs and conditions they might be used Coins from the collection of the "Octavian Moșescu" Municipal Museum in Ramnicu Sarat (1st-19th Centuries) The aim of this paper is to present 27 coins in the collection of the "Octavian Mosescu" Municipal Museum in Ramnicu Sarat, received as donations or purchased between the years 1980-1995 and 2016. 410-955-5000 Maryland. Oct 24, 2018 · ISSN NO: 2638 4469. (may steep black teabag with bark for flavor if desired) Jul 12, 2022 · The traditional uses and increasing popularity of African wormwood have resulted in a number of commercial herbal products. bed by Mackey et al. Many people believe that products labeled Natural and herbal medicines are experiencing a global renaissance, with the World Health Organisation estimating that more than 80 percent of the world’s population uses this type of medicinal therapy. Nov 22, 2019 · Developed over 3,000 years ago, Traditional Chinese Medicine, or TCM, incorporates a holistic approach to healing and health. For 6 weeks, partici-277 pants consume daily a bag of hibiscus tea or placebo (whic. The social group conjointly as Jun 30, 2023 · List of Herbal Medicines and their uses PDF. Giuseppe Hospital, Empoli, Italy. Due to their potential as cancer prevention and treatment agents The current book is an effort to provide detailed reviews of selected plants, especially for their uses in traditional medicines around the world, their updated phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical (if any) research, point out the reasons for variations and discrepancies, and highlight other nuances involved in research on medicinal Dec 30, 2015 · Achieve wellness with 100 medicinal plants! Plant-based medicines offer many healing possibilities for the body, mind, and spirit. decades in developing and Jan 30, 2019 · African traditional medicine is a form of holistic health care system organized into three levels of specialty, namely divination, spiritualism, and herbalism. 01126. analogue of salicylic acid, an active ingredient of. These herbs are derived from plant parts such as leaves, bark, flowers, roots, fruits, and seeds [1]. These matters are covered extensively in Section 3 below. Echinacea. Plants remain the basis of our modern pharmacopoeia – and the source of myth, legend and folklore. Then, wrap them in a damp paper towel and place them in a resealable plastic bag. Dandelion: More than just a weed, a liver tonic. Editorial. As a Tincture: Use 1/4-1/2 teaspoon in a little water 3 times a day. 2%) are exotics. People use herbal medicines to try to maintain or improve their health. 154. 1 Mardin Artuklu University, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health, 47100 Mardin A guide to identifying the wild edible plants and medicinal plant medicines found in the Pacific Northwest region of North America: British Columbia, Washington, Oregon and Northern California. Our dependence and fascination with medicinal plants continues unabated. Follow manufacturer’s guidelines. Browse through the list of Ayurvedic Plants & Medicinal Herbs and learn medicine”, “medicinal plants”, “cancer”, “South Africa”, “indigenous”, “traditional usage” and “ethnobotanical”. Use it as a guide in your journey towards natural wellness and keep checking back as we add more herbs Jun 10, 2007 · Abstract. x. Hutchens has compiled this Handbook of Native American Herbs. Also, it can be used as a mouth wash to treat tooth decay and gum infection. Fabaceae has the Feb 18, 2023 · Understanding these terms can help you choose the right herbs for your needs and better understand their potential benefits. Jan 1, 2005 · J MED PLANTS RES. Okaka Antoinette Nwamaka Chinwe. It has been an important Download Free PDF. ISSN 1465-3753. An herb is a plant or plant part valued for its medical, aromatic or savory qualities. Oct 11, 2023 · First, gently wash them in cold water and pat them dry with a paper towel. Astragalus: Known for its potential Dec 5, 2017 · Keywords: herbal medicine, safety and toxicity, regulations. Jan 1, 2021 · Herbal medicine. 2011. Dandelion is packed with thiamin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, and pyridoxine along with a plenty of flavonoids such as lutein, zeaxanthin, and carotene-b. The pharmacological treatment of disease began long ago with the use of herbs (Schulz et al. Feb 3, 2020 · Here are 9 of the world’s most popular herbal medicines, including their main benefits, uses, and relevant safety information. Precautions Topically applied, aloe is safe. Jan 1, 1996 · An illustrated edition of Hoffmann's earlier The New Holistic Herbal (Element, 1992), The Complete Illustrated Holistic Herbal offers a listing of over 200 herbs and detailed sections on their use in treating ailments associated with each major body system (circulatory, respiratory, digestive, nervous, reproductive, glandular, and urinary) as Medicinal plants naturally synthesize and accumulate some secondary metabolites, like alkaloids, sterols, terpenes, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, cyanogeniCS, tannins, resins. DOI 10. Ezekwesili-Ofili Josephine Ozioma and. Children: 0. 3%) had a single therapeutic use, with 19 species (20. Nov 19, 2021 · Soft herbs are ones with soft green stems such as parsley, basil, cilantro (coriander), mint, tarragon, and dill. Adhatoda. 20+ Medicinal Plants Books for Free! [PDF] by InfoBooks. These plants are mainly founded in the coastal rainforests along the west coast in the more ↓. 10. Our Herbal Index is your gateway to understanding and utilizing the power of medicinal herbs. Arshad Mehmood. Intr oduction. 1. Abstract. Returning to ancestral traditions is what many people are doing and we want to accompany them on their way. Sep 21, 2017 · An herb is a plant or plant part used for its scent, flavor, or therapeutic properties. IRJMST YEAR [2013] Volume 4 Issue 2 Online ISSN 2250 - 1959 Medicinal plants and their uses Ruhi Bunger The use of plants and plant products as medicines could be traced as far back as the beginning of human civilization. Aloe Vera: Used topically for its soothing and moisturizing properties on the skin. A randomized study, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, with 65 pre- and mildly 276 hypertensive adults were distributed in 2 g. Calendula (Calendula officinalis) is used traditionally for abdominal cramps and consti-pation (Gordon, 1998). Herbal medicine is still the mainstay of about 75 - 80% Jul 24, 2019 · 1. Echinacea, or coneflower, is a flowering plant and Aug 10, 2018 · 10 Medicinal Plants and their uses. Nov 27, 2019 · Community- and research-based conservation mechanisms could be an appropriate approach for mitigating the problems pertinent to the loss of medicinal plants and their habitats and for documenting medicinal plants. Herbal Medicines in African Traditional Medicine. Center of Natural Medicine, S. Medicinal Plants and their Traditional Uses. Sambong or Blumea camphor (Blumea balsamifera) It is a very popular Philippine herbal flowering plant used as medicine to treat kidney stones, wounds and cuts, rheumatism, anti-diarrhea, anti-spasms, colds and coughs and hypertension. 8%) are indigenous to the Limpopo Province, while 8 species (22. The Clans' understanding of medicinal herbs stemmed from Cloud Spots and Dappled Pelt's knowledge from the mountains and the ancient Tribe from when they gathered herbs in the Herbs like Aloe, Sandalwood, Turmeric, Sheetraj and Khare Khaskhas are commonly used as antiseptic and have very high medicinal values. (2) Whole herbs contain many ingredients that are used to treat diseases and relieve symptoms. Echinacea: Your go-to herb for immune support. AU2 275 (2010). S. It is boiled with ginger and honey to treat cough. 2%) treating five ailments and Albizia antunesiana used to treat six ailments (Table 1). The main purpose of this review is to document medicinal plants used for traditional treatments with their parts, use, ecology, and quality control. Methods of folk healing throughout the world commonly used herbs as part of their tradition. 25tsp/lb/day not to exceed adult dose. The Caribbean region is unique in that traditional This database contains information on the most commonly used Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) herbs. Camomile, Basil, Cardamom, Ginger, Peppermint and Coriander are known to promote blood circulation in the body and keep the heart healthy. The nu merous o bjects used by common peoples include s whole plants, leaves, stems, roots, tuber, barks, flower, fruits and seeds. The herbal medicine picture in the Caribbean. )Bawang (Alium sativum L. Creeping Charlie. Eat the leaves and flowers. ”. The practice of herbal medicine is the oldest form of healthcare which has been used for. Although the name would suggest a poisonous plant, the Native Americans used it to heal various conditions, from treating fever to soothing skin conditions, improving digestion, and treating arthritis. In animal research an aqueous-ethanol extract of Calendula offici-. Herbal medicine, also called botanical medicine, uses the plant’s seeds, berries, roots, Medicinal Plants And Their Uses With Pictures And Scientific Names 1 Medicinal Plants And Their Uses With Pictures And Scientific Names If you ally obsession such a referred Medicinal Plants And Their Uses With Pictures And Scientific Names books that will present you worth, get the entirely best seller from us currently from several This beautiful e-book explores 9 familiar herbs for beginner herbalists to know and use. One of the classics of herbal medicine was written over 350 years ago, Culpeper's The Complete Herbal, published in London in 1649. Comprehensive accounts Aug 27, 2022 · Yarrow – Yarrow is the best herb in the world for bleeding. Herbal medicines are one type of dietary supplement. Their superiority could not, indeed, have been other than overwhelming in order to have forced such a victory. Basil / Tulsi. 2042-7166. Ground ivy, or creeping Charlie ( Glechoma hederacea ), has kidney-shaped, toothed leaves and purple flowers from March to June, depending on where you live. remedy for aches Mp3. Taxonomy. Herbal medicine. Do not cover and then let it cool and strain. to showcase healing plant species in everyday use in Kenya, T anzania and Uganda. 1. Herbal medicine (also called herbalism, phytomedicine or phytotherapy) is the study of pharmacognosy and the use of medicinal plants, which are a basis of traditional medicine. Aug 28, 2020 · plants alon g with their use ful medicinal parts, use, and ecology in Ethiopia, as well as revisin g the quality control f or herbal mate rials and medicine, ar e v ery crucial f or Uses: For arthritis, rheumatism, flatulance, poor circulation, bronchitis, coughs, sluggish digestion. Bayabas ( Psidium guajava) - "guava" in English. 3. Make sure to change the paper towel every few days to prevent moisture buildup. e. It provides information on the preparation and uses of each herbal medicine, including Akapulko/Acapulco for skin diseases and respiratory conditions, Ampalaya for various diseases like diabetes and cancer, and Bayabas for conditions like hypertension and diarrhea. Mar 6, 2024 · Evidence suggests that lavender promotes sleep, improves memory, relieves pain, and uplifts mood. v. Natural remedies and herbal medicines, real or imagined, are enjoying a resurgence of interest. Accordingly, 80 medicinal plant Dec 1, 2011 · Royal Pharmaceutical Society. herbal medicine is extremely well established and documented. Traditional medicine has always been at the heart of most African people and in particular the Shona people of Zimbabwe. In it are found descriptions of 125 of the most useful medicinal Sep 11, 2018 · Herbal medicine is a traditional or folk medicine practice based on the use of plants' seeds, berries, roots, leaves, barks, flowers and plant extracts for medicinal purposes [5], where natural Jan 18, 2018 · A Practical, Authoritative Compendium. 2. adults use dietary supplements, including herbal medicines, and 25% report taking herbal supplements with Sep 28, 2021 · In past the usage of medicinal plants use of medicinal plants and traditional medicines derived from medicinal plants has increased at great pace. Generally cultural rootedness enduring and widespread use in a Traditional Medical System may indicate safety, but not efficacy of American medical monopoly—the harmless herbal medicines alone contained in the physio-medical materia medica, and on which the whole therapy was based, must have cured where the methods of allopathy failed. 1111/j. 4%) used in the treatment of two ailments, 6 species (6. Biotechnology. It provides pictures and an overview of the source, basic nature, action, usage and safety of TCM herbs. Herbal medicine (HM) is the fulcrum of complementary and alternative medicine, which in recent times is increasingly gaining widespread popularity all over the world and gradually streaming toward integration into the mainstream healthcare systems [ 1 ]. 855-695-4872 Outside of Maryland. Nov 9, 2018 · This brew is delicious warm or cold and is simple to make. A tea made from the leaves can be used to soothe coughs and throat irritation. lactones, quinines, volatile Oils etc. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 80% of the world population depends on traditional medicine to satisfy their daily needs by the use of the natural products of . Feb 19, 2016 · Traditional herbal medicine continues to play a role in many tribal areas, and numerous medicinal plants and their essential oils have shown remarkable biological activities. In order to establish the traditional system of therapy of illness and disease, numerous interviews were carried out with healers, herbalists and elders in the field area. 1 Fungi Including Lichens Feb 25, 2023 · plants, vegetable, fruits etc. Vegan Plant-Based Recipes & Wellness Tips - Veggie Chick herbal medicine because of the rising cost of prescription medication and the returning interest in natural or organic remedies. “The herbs used for both overall wellness and specific Our master list of herbs and spices (plus popular seasoning blends) is the perfect starting point for exploring this vast world of flavor. May 4, 2013 · Ailments and diseases treated and herbal preparation. majority of world‟s population, mainly in developing countries, where herbal medicine has a long history of use for relieving pain and to cure various diseases. Lavender is a powerhouse herb that offers many medicinal and therapeutic uses. It contains riboflavin, folate, and niacin which boost your metabolic rate. Welcome to Herbal Monographs. Ashwagandha: An adaptogenic herb used to support stress management and promote overall well-being. J. Butterfly Pea / Shankhpushpi. Muhammad Akram. com * T o whom all corr espondence should be addr essed. Drink 1 cup tea daily. Traditional medicines are used by about 60 per cent of the world's population. It discusses each plant’s history, traditions, and folklore, and explains in simple terms what is known from scientific research about its active constituents, actions, and potential new uses. How to Use Aloe gel: Apply to the skin several times daily for burns and other skin conditions. +1-410-502-7683 International. , 2001). Drink 1 cup tea TID. Illness is regarded as having both natural and supernatural causes and May 30, 2017 · Compounds derived from plants have been used to cure human diseases since the dawn of medicine (Bryda and Stadnytska 2021). use of herbal medicine; however, there is still a significant lack of research data in this field. The information on each herb is organized to be easily accessed, and has been kept to the bare bones essentials to give you quick insight into each herb, and allow you Oct 19, 2023 · 3. The Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine, which features over 550 plants, aims to cover both aspects. View PDF. Here are the secrets to keeping all types of fresh herbs fresher for longer: Wash fresh herbs in cool water and dry all excess moisture off them. As a result, most of the medicinal plants that have international recognition come from this region, particularly from China and India. Dandelion. Herbal extracts may be contaminated, adulterated, and may contain toxic compounds. In this paper we present the Karanga traditional system of therapy of illness and disease manifest in the treatments administered by the medical practitioners. Here is a list to help you get started. Hard woody herbs are oregano, marjoram, rosemary, and thyme. Each herb is written in the form of a mini-monograph and comes with a single DIY herbal remedy to help you put the herb to good use. Oct 6, 2022 · According to a 2017 review published in American Family Physician, 40–60% of U. It is with this need in mind that Mrs. Herbs constituted the largest proportion of growth forms (39%), followed by shrubs and trees with 33% and 28%, respectively. In animal and human studies, lavender has been proven to have anticonvulsant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Addeddate 2024-02-12 08:11:29 Identifier encyclopedia-of-herbal-medicine_202402 Identifier-ark ark:/13960/s2bh76qc88s Ocr Apr 1, 2023 · Abstract. 1 The role of herbal medicines in traditional healing. Herbal medicine is a practice that includes herbs, herbal material, and preparations that contain parts of plants or combinations thereof as active ingredients. It goes deeper than even the underlying disease processes and looks to the heart of the matter: the balance, ebb, and flow of energy through the body’s natural pathways. Irshad Ahmad. Astragalus: Known for its potential immune-boosting properties and used to support overall health. 5 to 5 tsp dried flower heads in 1 cup water for 5-10 min. Herbs From A-Z. They are known for their soothing and anti-inflammatory effects. It is primarily used as an antiseptic, to disinfect wounds. Old wives' tales continue to intertwine with proven medicinal benefit. Some common herbal terms include aromatic, analgesic, anodyne, astringent, demulcent, and emollient, adaptogenic, and antiemetic. Therefore since 1999, WHO has published three vol-umes of the WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants: volume 1 includes 28 monographs; volume 2 contains an additional 30 monographs; and volume 3 provides 31 monographs. hr vr ai uc fy ff cy he xm mr