Generate dkim key. Copy the text to create your DNS DKIM record.

This setting cannot be changed as of today. Various tools for creating the RSA key pair are available online for free such as the DKIM Record Generator by EasyDMARC. Note: For Google Workspace business emails, generate a DKIM record at this link. You can provide these records to the nameserver provider for the listed nameservers to fix it. First, you’ll need to come up with a name for the selector (for example, k1). The public key is added to your domain's DNS records. _domainkey; Paste the public DKIM key in the Target or Content section. I. Finally, go to the Associated domains tab. Email for the domain is digitally signed by the sending mail server using the private key for the domain. Choose a selector name that describes the type of email you are sending, such as marketing or Starting from Plesk Obsidian 18. Microsoft takes care of the required DNS configuration for you. Navigate to Gateway | Policies. Follow this guide to set up a sender on Message Center. _domainkey. . You can use DKIM wizards to generate your DKIM public and private key pair. The form will appear asking you to specify a selector. When an outbound message is The steps to configure DKIM signing are: Create DKIM signing keys in the credential store. Key Selector Enter the key selector for your public key. Step 3: On the Email Authentication page, you’ll see two May 2, 2024 · By providing a mechanism to detect and prevent email spoofing, DKIM adds a layer of trust to online communications, crucial in an age where phishing attacks are rampant. However, it does not automatically provision these DNS records for existing accounts on the server. _domainkey’ behind the selector. Sep 8, 2023 · If the keys don't exist in DNS, this dialog will tell you want to add. Click on the tab below corresponding to your solution. If this is your first time configuring DKIM, no keys will be listed. Please note that we do not advise that you reduce the security of any aspect of your server, including making less secure DKIM keys. Jun 20, 2022 · The p= prefix is used to specify the DKIM public key in the base-64 format. You can't create the CNAME records for the *. ” Next, deploy the private key to Postfix by running the following commands: sudo mv dkim. org and hit the button. In the Selected domain menu, select the domain where you want to set up DKIM. The generated data is stored in the LDAP server as part of the domain LDAP entry. Email servers query the domain's DNS records to see the DKIM record and view the public key. If you’re already using a DKIM key for your domain, it could be with Google Workspace or with another email system. The entire process is made possible by a private/public key pair. Our services are easy to use and meant to enhance convenience. DKIM provides a mechanism for verifying the integrity of a message. While unsupported, generating a 1024-bit DKIM key in cPanel is possible. DKIM, or DomainKeys Identified Mail, is an email authentication method that uses a digital signature to let the receiver of an email know that the message was sent and authorized by the owner of a domain. In Bind DNS server, this record is split over multiple lines. Rspamd always uses relaxed/relaxed encoding with the rsa-sha256 signature algorithm, which is deemed to be the most suitable option for all cases. For more information about how DKIM works, see DKIM Records Explained. Hope this article helped you resolve the “No DKIM keys enabled for this domain” prompt on Microsoft 365 Exchange Online. The key we are generating here is a 2048-bit RSA key. A value will be generated for the selector, which is used to locate the public key in your DNS. It uses public-key cryptography to sign an email with a private key as it is sent out from the sender server. These records can be added in the Email section of the cPanel under Email Deliverability. example. DKIM operates through a key pair system, where a private key is held by the email server and a corresponding public key is published in the DKIM signing domain's DNS records. Email tools for generating DKIM keys, diagnosing issues, and managing email delivery. private” and “dkim. The only thing it says under "status" is "No DKIM keys saved for this domain. The creation of a public and private key combination is the first stage. The most notable use of public/private key pairs in email is with S/MIME or PGP for encrypting an email itself. _domainkey) in Record Name. Select Manage DNS Records . DKIM signing uses two actions to verify your messages: The first action takes place on a server sending DKIM signed emails. com) and your selector in the second box (e. com as administrator or super administrator. Alternate Selector: gclouds. Most email service providers allow you to generate DKIM keys, so you don't have to rely on third-party tools. The public key is placed by the domain owner in his DNS zone file in the form of a special TXT record, and it becomes available to everyone. So, header canonicalization is relaxed and body is simple. The message is signed before sending by encrypting a hash of its headers using public key encryption and then verified upon receipt by decrypting the signature using a public key (provided by the sender in a DNS record) and comparing the hash. Setting up your DKIM record is a simple process you can complete in seconds. Now you are on the DNS Management page, click the Add button in the Records section. on FreeBSD, the command is amavisd, user/group is vscan:vscan. With DKIM implemented, the sending email server adds a cryptographic signature to your emails' headers. DKIM records are tied to a domain, you each domain you email from will need its own record. By default, cPanel generates 2048-bit DKIM keys, which are more secure than 1024-bit keys. Copy the text to create your DNS DKIM record. DKIM keys not generated. Go to the ‘My Profile’ section and select ‘Campaign Email Authentication Settings’. Select the ‘ Self-Authentication using your own domain ’ button. Aug 15, 2022 · The private/public key pair behind DKIM. Try SocketLabs free! Enter the domain you'd like to generate keys for, for example dkimcore. private / etc / postfix / dkim. Validate the selector and Enable DKIM in Zoho Mail. 35 it's possible to use a manual approach: For Linux. It may take a few minutes to create DKIM keys and fully propagate the new domain record back to the Mail Domains screen. While the public key is made available in the domain’s DNS record, the private key serves to certify emails that are sent out. The private key should be kept secure and private at all times. v=spf1 indicates this is an SPF record and the SPF record version is SPF1. There are various ways to create DKIM keys, as mentioned below. SPF and DKIM are tools used by many mail servers in an effort to combat spam. The ‘private’ key will be used on your sending MTA. Select the newly created selector and click Download to download the domain key DKIM file. com domain, so you don't need to copy the values. 3) Create the public & private DKIM key pair. To generate DKIM keys for your domain, utilize the in-built rspamadm dkim_keygen utility: Feb 20, 2024 · 2. TXT records can be used to store any text that a domain Nov 4, 2021 · DKIM uses encryption to enable server identity verification. In the BIND record you will need to replace 'xxx' with your desired selector. Step 1: Enter in your domain info. If you're thinking of using these keys in production, you should check the security notes first. May 25, 2023 · A 2048-bit DKIM key is a powerful security measure that protects your emails from unauthorized changes and impersonation. To add or update a DKIM record: Go to Domains in your Wix account. DKIM Overview. DKIM provides email authentication, which can be used to give the recipient server confidence an email came from a given address. You must decide on what “selector” you wish to use. key sudo chmod 660 Feb 1, 2024 · This definition allows you to select the appropriate internal domain and generate the public DKIM key for outbound mail. com. A menu will open on the rightmost side of your screen. To configure an Outbound DNS Authentication definition: Log on to the Mimecast Administration Console. ini) on the server. This wizard will allow you to easily create a public and private key pair to be used for DomainKeys and DKIM signing. A selector is used to locate the public key May 24, 2023 · There are also multiple online tools that can help generate the public/private key pair; one of the easiest is DKIM Core Tools. Step #3: Generating and saving the signature. The sending mail server uses it to prove that it's authorised to send for the domain. DKIM helps prevent forged sender email addresses (also known as spoofing) by verifying that the domain in the From address matches the domain in the DKIM-Signature Enter your domain name in the first box (e. The new selector appears. Enter the DKIM selector under Host Name . 0, the ability to add DKIM signing to outgoing mail is available. Select Create. Copy: Copy the Name and Value records that the system provides in the Suggested “DKIM” (TXT) Record section. on Debian/Ubuntu, the command is amavisd-new, user/group is amavis:amavis. A public key is generated which you use to create and publish a DKIM TXT record, and a private key is generated in the background. Dec 23, 2023 · DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM) is a standard that enhances email security by enabling the signing of email messages. The "2048-bit" refers to the length of the key, which determines its strength. It uses public-key cryptography to sign an email with a private key. Step 3: After clicking the button, you will see a public and a private key generated. 6) Configure your email server. Using an open-source project that helps generate the DKIM keys DKIM in Microsoft 365 is an email authentication method that uses a public key infrastructure (PKI), message headers and CNAME records in DNS to authenticate the message sender, which is stamped in the DKIM-Signature header field. Locate your domain. Dec 25, 2023 · To generate the private key and the DNS record entry, run the following command: sudo opendkim-genkey -t -s dkim -d example. The key pair will be automatically generated and the public key exported for publication on a DNS server. Step #1: Setting up configuration of DKIM to generate the key pair. Provide a custom DKIM Selector Prefix if needed. May 17, 2022 · Creating a DKIM Key. Click Create New DKIM Signing Key. A longer key provides more security. To confirm the authenticity of an email, the sender (mail server, newsletter system, etc. When you send an email, Sophos Email applies policy settings to the email, creates a hash of the mail content, and adds a new header. Learn how to enable DKIM signing for a domain on Broadcom's Messaging Gateway, ensuring secure email communication. 05. If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to ask. Outside of email anyone who browses the web has Dec 5, 2022 · Step 1: Create an SPF Record in DNS. The DKIM record is a TXT record that stores the DKIM public key. 7) Test your DKIM setup. " I can't find anything on this. Mar 17, 2016 · 2, UPDATE YOUR DNS RECORD WITH THE DKIM KEY Go to your DNS records portal/administration to amend your domain DNS records and add a TXT record under your domain copying the text details as appearing under the TXT RECORD: i, Create a TXT record against your domain in DNS with the following entry: key: dkim. You can manually generate the RSA key pair required for creating a DKIM record. When you generate a new DKIM key in your Admin console DKIM is compatible with existing email infrastructure and works with SPF and DMARC to create multiple layers of security for domains sending emails. Sep 5, 2023 · SPF and DKIM Records: Combating Spam. txt. pem 2048. Jun 19, 2024 · DKIM setup: How to configure DKIM in three simple steps. mail, as we discussed above). Generating a DKIM key for your domain. Please note that the DKIM specification only requires DKIM validators to support RSA keys up to 2048 bit. First, enter the email domain name you wish to protect. This form of email authentication allows an organization to add digital Signature to the emails that can be validated by the recipient to check if the email belongs to the legitimate Sender. Then input your email sender domain in it and click “Download Configuration Json” and save the downloaded json file to your local disk. and Wikipedia has a good entry on the subject. The second happens on a recipient server checking DKIM signatures on incoming messages. After the receiving server receives the message, it extracts the subdomain and the DKIM selector from the message, uses them to fetch the public key from Nov 21, 2019 · I just added a second domain to my account and i navigated to office 365\exchange admin center\protection\dkim and clicked my new domain (added a few days ago to office 365 and setup email on the first day). How to generate a DKIM key via cPanel? Step 1: Log into the cPanel account with email accounts where you’d like to enable DKIM. For more information: ht Learn how to generate a private/public key pair and create a TXT record for DKIM in your DNS settings. zoho. So the name of our TXT record becomes: ‘dkim. to sign and verify your email. Apr 11, 2023 · Creating a DKIM Record. If your email is using your company’s domain name, you may need to set up email authentication, which includes Sender Policy Framework (SPF), Domain Keys Identified Mail (DKIM), and Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance (DMARC). Contact them and request DKIM to be configured and that you need a copy of the public key. If you need a hand, follow these instructions as you navigate the tool. The private key is kept secret and becomes part of your mail server's configuration. Net. Before an email message leaves the sending server, the server uses the private key to generate a signature and insert it into the message along with the DKIM selector used for the signature. Using an organization’s email server if it has a native DKIM generator. The ‘Record’ part starts with assigning the version of the DKIM protocol as ‘v=DKIM1’, which is followed by the ‘k’ for the key type. You can implement several layers of security when delivering emails to your recipients. Select TXT for the type, and the name will follow this format: Selector-name. 5) Hide your private DKIM key. May 25, 2024 · If you use a different online generator you should obfuscate those values. Deploy Public Key. A DKIM generator is a tool that generates the encryption/decryption key pair for a domain name, which consists of a private key and a public key. Feb 22, 2019 · Saying that, your DKIM private key is configured on the sending mail server. The private key is used to sign outgoing email messages, while the public key is published in the Domain Name System (DNS). Domain Keys Identified Mail, or DKIM, is a standard that prevents email senders and recipients from spam, spoofing, and phishing. Select Create New DKIM Screening Key. Set up SPF, DKIM, or DMARC records for my hosting email. Select your domain, then More options, and then Configure DKIM. Click the confirmation link provided in the email body to verify you are the owner of the configured email address. 1 and copy/paste the content into this field. 0. openDKIM should automatically generate DKIM key for the domain. Escape records. Jun 13, 2024 · The system automatically provisions DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail) and SPF (Sender Policy Framework) records for all new accounts. Go to Domains > example. Sometimes, you will see k=rsa, which denotes the public key type. From your OVHcloud Control Panel, in the Web Cloud tab, click Microsoft, then Exchange. Explanation: TXT indicates this is a TXT record. on RHEL/CentOS, the command is amavisd, user/group is amavis:amavis. If you're just getting started, you may rely on our DKIM record generator to get your email authentication system off to the correct start. Enter the selector name. The ‘public’ key will be used in your public-facing DNS TXT record along with what’s called a policy record. 2048— If your domain provider supports 2048-bit keys, select this option. One option is to use the DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail) protoco Jan 25, 2021 · The private key is placed on the sender’s server and used to generate the appropriate DKIM headers for all outgoing client mail. onmicrosoft. When DKIM key creation is finished, the Publish CNAMEs dialog opens. Enable DKIM signing (through notes. Click the More Actions icon next to the relevant domain. Click OK. Security notes. Choose the size of the key (bigger is more secure, although bigger is also slightly slower) and click create keys. To the right of the domain name concerned, you can see that the DKIM box is gray. You only need to set up a private RSA key, key selector, and the domain which should be signed with. 35 DKIM public key is shown in the pop-up window on the Mail Settings page of the particular domain. cPanel allows users to add SPF and Domain Keys ( DKIM) records to domains for which they have DNS authority. This command will generate two files: “dkim. Click on the name of the Exchange service concerned. Copy article link Updated March 28, 2023. If you decide to use DKIM Core in production, though, you might want to consider the security risks. DKIM keys have a label called the selector prefix, which uniquely identifies the DKIM key. Make sure that the record contains the whole Oct 24, 2019 · Learn how to setup DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail) key feature to let Salesforce sign outbound email sent on your company’s behalf. Repeat it for the second DKIM record (just change the 1 into 2) Enable DKIM. Aug 27, 2020 · Experience SocketLabs' Ultimate DKIM Generator: Ensure email security, prevent spoofing, and boost deliverability effortlessly. Go to the Mail Domains page and add your domain name. There are a lot of DKIM wizards, however, Dynu is a good option. You will need to use the DKIM generator for every domain in use. You'll see a hostname and value listed. Access to update the dns records for your domain. Scroll to the TXT (Text) section and click + Add Record. Aug 18, 2021 · I assume you are having problems adding the DKIM key. This file contains your DomainKeys and DKIM key pair. Go to Domains from the left menu, and choose the domain for which you want to configure DKIM. Follow the steps below to create a DKIM key for your domain: Make a request to the POST Generate DKIM keys endpoint. This feature creates DKIM and SPF records for all accounts on the server. Signing is done at the domain level, including alias domains. Setting up signing consists of two steps: Running zmdkimkeyutil to generate the DKIM keys and selector. Install opendkim from the repositories: # sudo apt-get install opendkim opendkim-tools. Mail. Create a new text file with the private key. Generating DKIM keys. Domain name: Enter the domain you'd like to generate keys for, for example dkimcore. So it would become: Jun 13, 2024 · Generate Local DKIM Key: Generate a DKIM record, if one does not exist. Once the keys are in DNS, the slider will turn it on and the only option will be to rotate them - since yours turned on, it looks like the keys are in DNS. By removing the quotes (“) and newline’s. Oct 13, 2022 · For DKIM canonicalization we use "c=relaxed/simple". Learn how to use DKIM to authenticate and secure your email messages and avoid spoofing and phishing scams. Improves email deliverability – Emails that fail DKIM verification are more likely to be marked as spam or rejected by the recipient's email server, thereby improving the deliverability of your emails and reducing the chance of them being marked as spam. Longer keys are more secure than shorter keys. Jun 6, 2024 · To set up outbound DKIM signing, you need to generate a DKIM key in Sophos Email. In the Generate new record box, select your DKIM key settings: Setting. MailMessage and System. private file from point 2. Step 2: Scroll down to Email and click on Authentication. Options. When an email message is signed with DKIM, the signature is added as a header to DKIM record generator. Domain Enter the domain that you will send email from. Receiving email servers can look up the public key in DNS and confirm the sending domain has the private key Click New. Mar 23, 2024 · Once the keys have been generated, copy the public DKIM key and add it to the DNS records. 1) List all of your sending domains. Fix. Oct 18, 2022 · Configure your email server. A DKIM record is really a DNS TXT ("text") record. _domainkey (depends on the information in the dialog box, the syntax is [selector]. In the Quick Find box, type DKIM Keys. Enter @ in the name field. In your DNS management interface, create a new TXT record like below. on OpenBSD, the command is amavisd, user Jun 1, 2020 · How do I create a DKIM record? 1 – Create a list of all domains and sending services (such as marketing campaign platforms or invoice generators, also referred to as ESPs) that are authorized to send email on your behalf. – Add a new DNS Record. To show the receiving server which DNS record concerns DKIM, you add ‘. ) signs the message with the private key that is stored in the respective system. Jun 5, 2014 · To make it easier, try use more native tools instead: DKIM Core Tools. DomainKeys Identified Mail ( DKIM) is an email security standard designed to make sure that an email that claims to have come from a specific domain was indeed authorized by the owner of that domain. In the domain details flyout that opens, select Create DKIM keys. Key Length: 2048. With a 2048-bit DKIM key, you have a robust defense against tampering and forgery attempts. DKIM is a method for verifying that an email is indeed being sent from the domain it claims to be from. Enter this in along with the domain Use the DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail) key feature to let Salesforce sign outbound email sent on your company’s behalf. How DKIM works Signing process: Emails are signed with a private key on the sender’s server, corresponding to a public Register the Domain Name with the Mail Delivery Service. Select Email keys then click on the Create New Key. It's made for folks of all skill levels, devices of all shapes, and projects of all sizes. Upon successful signing, Rspamd adds a unique element, the DKIM-Signature, to the output. Click the Show public key button. This opens a dialog with your domain public key. Set DKIM key to Auto Generation. If you want to learn more about how to configure DKIM on Office 365, you can go through our office 365 Sep 25, 2023 · Generate DKIM keys manually. Once you get the json file, you can open it by notepad, and find the public key: DKIM explained. 2) Install a DKIM package. In my case, I used it on an Ubuntu machine. The software will use this key to sign each email it sends. Jan 26, 2021 · The situation is different, however, if you use Microsoft 365. Generate a new DKIM Key-pair. It also provides all the information to be inserted into your domain's DNS entry. We recommend you use a new selector prefix that hasn’t been previously used. To create a DKIM record, you will need to follow a few simple steps: Step 1: Generate the Private/Public Key Pair. Click the Generate New Record button. Double-click your domain and go to the General tab. Starting with Zimbra 8. Key size: Generate * we do not store or log any information you fill in on this website Apr 22, 2024 · Guided Practice (We-do): To add a DKIM key in Salesforce perform the steps below: Click Setup. DKIM key bit length. Nov 16, 2020 · There is a fundamental problem with trying to do DKIM signatures with System. Setup new domain with DKIM enabled. See Mail Domains for details on this step. Current behavior. Generate DKIM records for your domain in seconds with this free tool. A drawer will appear on the right side of the screen, listing all the currently configured DKIM keys. This online wizard is fine for generating keys for testing and evaluation. Selector: gcloud. Copy the value ( v=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=) from Public Key field and paste it to the “Text” text box and input s1024. Your Thunderbird client doesn't need it as it signs in with credentials. Now you will see a form where you can enter the settings for your DKIM record, as shown Here are some search tips. Click the OK button. DKIM: Private RSA key: Open the . openssl genrsa -out dkim_private. TXT @ v=spf1 mx ~all. For the private key, ensure that the email server supports DKIM. Type in your domain name. Email. Log into Plesk. Dec 7, 2021 · We will need to create the two CNAME records. Select Configure with auto-generated keys to enable DKIM. DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM) adds public key cryptography to the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). This signature allows the recipient’s mail server to verify the sender’s email address, helping to detect sender address forgery commonly used in spam. Recipient servers can then use a public key published to a domain's DNS to Dec 29, 2021 · Microsoft recommends that you enable DKIM for enhanced email security for your domains registered on their portal. Create the record entry. For the steps in creating DKIM keys in Salesforce, see Create a DKIM Key. Here are the two command lines which you can use to generate a 2048 bit password Select the Text (TXT) record type and click the “Create Record…” button. Manage. Depending on your DNS hosting provider we will now need to wait a couple of minutes or maybe even a day. – Select type: CNAME. At a minimum you will need: Root access to your mail server. Under Administration, select Account Management, and then Domains. example. SmtpClient which is that in order to sign the message, you need to poke the internals of SmtpClient in order to hash the message body as one of the steps in generating the DKIM-Signature header. Login to your account on Constant Contact here. Publish the public key 3. 2. See also: SPF and DKIM alignment fails Unable to Activate the DKIM keys in Salesforce Salesforce Support YouTube video: Obtaining DKIM Public Key in Kerio Connect. In the administration interface, go to the section Configuration > Domains. com > Mail Settings > How to configure external DNS: For Plesk Version lower than 18. A DKIM record stores the DKIM public key — a randomized string of characters that is used to verify anything signed with the private key. Expected behavior. 4) Publish your public DKIM key. Click the button below to generate a new DKIIM private key and public DNS TXT record in BIND format. Sep 1, 2023 · Step 1: Determine which domains are allowed to send outbound mail on its behalf. Select Close. So although it may be tempting to create a stronger key Generate a DKIM Core Key. DKIM key management. Generate a DKIM Core Key; Check a published DKIM Core Key; Check a DKIM Core Key Record; DKIM Core Technical Specification covers following: 1. Setting up DKIM requires generation of a public and private keypair. Specify the key (s) to use for DKIM signing (through notes. Generate Unique Domain Key in Zoho Mail: Log in to the Control Panel from https://mailadmin. Enter a name in the New selector field. RSA is the default key type in a DKIM record. Test your DKIM setup. Oct 12, 2023 · In order for DKIM to work, the sending email server must generate a cryptographic key pair, which consists of a private key and a public key. The DKIM record generator helps you create a DKIM DNS record with a key length of 1024, 2048, or 4096 bits to protect your domain from email scams and phishing. To accomplish this verification a public/private pair of encryption keys is used. Step #2: Placing the public key as a TXT record in the DNS settings. DKIM Signer Setup On A Mail Server The DNS entry for DKIM is only Mar 28, 2023 · DKIM: A practical guide. You can change it or leave it as is. These signatures give recipient Click the option labeled Configure DKIM. However if you use a different DNS server, you can probably put the entire DKIM key in one line. To start, use openssl to generate a new RSA private key. Needed to edit the modoboa crontab and uncomment Generate DKIM keys job Generate new DKIM key (key length 1024) for new domain, and set correct file owner and permission. Jul 26, 2023 · Learn how to generate a DKIM key for Salesforce in this step-by-step tutorial. In this case, it is up to the customer to generate and store the DKIM keys. DKIM Manager. Create a DNS TXT record that contains the key and add it to your DNS domain settings. Step 2: Create the DKIM public/private keys and the policy record. g. View: Modify the Value field’s displayed record: Using the free DKIM generator. Receiving mail servers use the public key from the domain's DKIM Jul 18, 2020 · The best way to create a DKIM keypair is to use the openssl utility. DKIM in Salesforce is a method that ensures outgoing emails from Salesforce are Generating the private key. See Plans & Pricing. Split record. In the Email Configuration tab, select DKIM Here, you can configure all in a comfortable way at the section Mail Security > SMTP > Advanced > DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM). Once the receiver determines that an email is signed with a valid DKIM signature, it can be confirmed that the email's Select your domain, then More options, and then Configure DKIM. 2 – Generate the key pairs. – Enter the name and value of the DKIM key. Select ‘My Account’ from the upper-right corner of your page. com’. Follow these steps to generate DKIM keys using Dynu's site: Enter the domain name. Enter the following details : RSA Key Size: 2048-bit. Create the selector and associated key pair 2. The key pair will be used for both DomainKeys and DKIM signing. MxToolbox can help you implement DKIM for your business email and improve your email delivery rates. Under GoDaddy's "My Products", find your domain you want to add the DKIM record to, then click the DNS button, like this: 3. -- Diane Give back to the community. mz pk et hs vc fe xi af qf wf